Cystitis in medical practice is called an inflammatory process that develops in the bladder.It is common that cystitis is an extremely feminine disease.But this is not true.Representatives of the stronger sex are also the subject of the disease.On how the symptoms of cystic in men are manifested and how to treat it properly and will be discussed in this article.
Anatomical information
The bladder is one of the main organs of the urinary system designed to collect and withdraw urine.In the latter process, the walls of the organ, which have a muscle base, play an important role, and thanks to this they can be stretched.However, the bladder mucosa is often injured or exposed to infectious agents.This leads to various diseases.The lower part of the bladder is called the neck.The urethra (urethra) comes out of the neck.Two urethra flow at the top - the channels through which the urine comes from the kidneys.
Signs of cystitis in men
Acute cystitis is felt, first of all, with acute pain during urination, sometimes shining in the rectum.Especially a lot of pain manifests itself at the beginning and at the end of urination.In addition, the symptoms of cystic include pain in the lower abdomen, on the pubis, regardless of urination, but with this process they intensify.The amount of urine emitted can be extremely small (10-15 ml), but the number of urge to urinate can reach several times in one hour.After the urination law, there is a feeling that the bladder is not completely empty.Also, cystitis often has such signs as urinary incontinence, imperative urination.The exacerbation of the disease is often accompanied by fever, signs of body intoxication (malaise, headache).
Other symptoms of cystitis:
- Changing the color of urine,
- blood, mucus, pus or protein in the urine,
- The unpleasant odor of urine.
Often, reflux urine occurs in the disease.This is the name of the process in which the urine enters the urethra and then to the kidneys, leading to the disease with pyelonephritis.In the absence of treatment, acute cystitis is transformed into chronic form.Chronic cystitis is characterized, in turn, exacerbations (approximately 2-3 times a year) replacing the periods of remission.During remission, the symptoms of the disease practically do not occur.Interstitial cystitis is a severe form of chronic cystitis.With this variety of disease, exacerbation occurs extremely often and the patient has constant pain in the groin.
Diagnostics
In the presence of a high level of probability, you should contact a urologist.During the initial examination, the doctor usually examines the patient's genitals and examines the prostate gland with palpation in the anus.This allows you to identify or exclude the connection of cystic in men with other diseases of the male genital organs.The diagnosis is mainly made by general urine analysis.Cystitis can be determined due to the high content of leukocytes.Sometimes the determining characteristic may be the presence of red blood cells, bacteria, epithelial cells and protozoa.Also done:
- General and biochemical blood test,
- Urine analysis by Nechiporenko,
- Urine sowing to identify an infectious agent.
A polymerase chain reaction test (PCR) is performed if there is a suspected sexually transmitted infection.The bladder urea is ineffective as it requires a filled bladder and in a disease the patient cannot be filled.Nevertheless, kidney and prostate ultrasound can be useful as they help to identify concomitant diseases.Such procedures such as cystoscopy, urodynamic examination, uroflography (high -speed urine parameters are performed.Cystoscopy is a type of endoscopic examination.It helps to identify stones and neoplasms in the bladder, as well as to take a biopath for analysis.Cystitis should be differentiated from diseases such as tumors of the bladder and prostate gland.
Cystitis: What is Men's
Cystitis is an inflammatory disease that consists in irritation and damage to the bladder walls.Cystitis is actually more likely to suffer women.Approximately 2-3 out of 10 representatives of fair sex at least once in life suffer from this disease.For men's representatives, only 1% have cystitis in any form.In most cases, these are men over 45 years old.The difference in the frequency of gender disease is explained by the physiological differences in the structure of their genital organs.First of all, men have a very long and winding urethra.But the walls of the urethra are an extremely difficult obstacle to pathogenic microorganisms, since the immune cells are active in them.In addition, in the male body, the urethral hole is very far from the anus, therefore, it is virtually excluded to enter the pathogenic microflora channel from the anus.
However, the infection can enter the bladder not only from the outside through the urethra.In some cases, cystitis in men is a consequence of diseases of the kidneys or prostate.Generally speaking, cystitis does not always have a contagious nature.However, if we are talking about infectious cystitis, then most often it is a bacterial cystitis, more rarely -fungal.Even less often, cystitis is caused by multicellular parasites.Most often, infectious cystitis occurs as a result of the action of E. coli (80%).The causative agents of the disease can also be:
- Pseudomonal stick,
- Staphylococcus,
- Proteus,
- Gonococcus,
- Chlamydia,
- Trichomonades,
- Mycoplasma.
Cystitis can be a complication of tuberculosis
Infectious cystitis caused by Trichomonas, Chlamydia, Mycoplasmas, Gonococci, Koch Sticks is called specific.And non -specific cystitis is a disease caused by conditionally pathogenic bacteria that are constantly enhanced in the body.Reduated cystitis varieties are those caused by purple, actinomycosis and schistosomosis.The path in which pathogenic microorganisms fall into the bladder may be different.Depending on it, cystitis is divided into descending, growing, lymphogenic and hematogenous.The ascending variant of infection (from the urethra) in patients with men is quite rare.Cystitis in men is most often down (in the case of renal infection) as well as hematogenous and lymphogenic.There is also cystitis of non -infectious nature.They can be caused:
- operations or diagnostic procedures of the bladder;
- radiation effect on the body, for example, with radiation therapy of the prostate gland;
- Injuries to the bladder from foreign bodies, for example, stones;
- Chemicals that are excreted in the urine and cause irritation of the balloon mucosa.
The tits are also divided into primary and secondary.In the first case, the disease starts alone, directly in the bladder.In the second cystitis is caused by some other pathological processes in the body.Secondary cystitis, in turn, is divided into cystitis by internal and exclusive origin.For example, stones in the bladder and the neoplasms of this organ are intrlicade causes, and diseases of other organs (prostate adenoma, pyelonephritis) are extracurricular.If the area of inflammation is a urine triangle, then such cystitis is called trigonitis.Also, depending on the location of the inflammation, the cervical and diffuse cystitis is secreted.With cervical cystitis, only inflammation on the neck of the bladder is observed.The diffuse form of the disease is manifested by inflammation of the entire wall of the organ.Depending on how hit the wall of the balloon is distinguished, the following forms of cystitis are distinguished:
- Katarhal,
- hemorrhagic,
- cystic,
- ulcerative,
- Phlegmon,
- gangrene.
The lightest shape affecting only the surface layers of the walls is Qatar.In the case of gangrenous form, the pathological process leads to wall necroticism.To determine the degree of disease, cystoscopy is used in subsequent biopsy.Factors contributing to the occurrence of cystitis in men:
- body hypothermia;
- reduction of immunity;
- stress;
- Consciously delayed urine, rare emptying of the bladder;
- Kidney disease, prostate;
- discrepancy with the rules of personal hygiene;
- diseases accompanied by the onset of foci of infection (tonsillitis, sinusitis, boils, dental diseases, etc.);
- spinal injuries;
- Diabetes sugar;
- Alcohol abuse.
Cystic complications can be pebice (inflammation of the tissues around the bladder), pyelonephritis, sclerosis of the bladder walls, perforation of the walls of the balloon, inflammation of the kidneys (resulting from the balloon reflux).
Cystitis
Treatment is as a rule at home.A direction to the hospital in acute cystitis is possible if a hemorrhagic or gangrene form of the disease is observed or acute urinary retention is observed.The methods of treatment for cystitis are mainly medicines.Although other techniques can be used, such as physiotherapy (UHF, electrophoresis, ultrasound, magnetic and laser therapy, dirt), rinsing of the bladder with antimicrobial effects.If the disease is accompanied by a fever, then the patient needs rest in bed.The attachment of heat to the groin area (except for hemorrhagic and tuberculous cystitis) is shown.
An important element of treatment is a diet.The patient is contraindicated in salty, fatty, fried, acute and acidic foods, alcohol.On the other hand, it is necessary to consume more diuretics.Many vegetables and fruits have such properties: watermelon, melon, cherries, cucumbers.Apples, cranberries and fruit drinks are also recommended - they increase the anti -adhesive properties of the bladder mucosa, that is, they make it difficult to attach the bacteria to the walls of the bubble.Fitoche and Lingonburia have undeniable benefits.It is important not to forget about an abundant drink - the patient should drink at least 2 liters of clean water a day.During the exacerbation of cyst, it is recommended to give up smoking.Surgical treatment is used in the case of gangrenous cystitis, chronic cystitis caused by prostate adenoma.
Medicine for the treatment of male cystitis
Drug therapy can be ethitropic or symptomatic.Ethiotropic therapy is aimed at counteracting pathogenic organisms - pathogens of the disease.The purpose of symptomatic treatment is to relieve unpleasant symptoms - pain and spasm.If the cause of the disease is a bacterial infection, then a course of antibiotic administration is required.Fluoroquinolone drugs are most commonly used. The duration of acceptance is usually a week.Before choosing a scheme for antibiotic therapy, it is necessary to conduct a study of the type of pathogen and its resistance to antibiotics.Often, preparations with plant anti -inflammatory and antibacterial components, herbaceous grass, horsetail and St. John's wort are used.Another class of drugs used for the disease are antispasmodics that help relieve spasms and caused by pain.NSAIDs are also used to reduce the symptoms of pain and inflammation.Severe pain uses novocaine blockades.It is also recommended to take vitamins - to increase the resistance of the body of the infection.
Prevention
The fact that men rarely suffer from cystitis does not mean that representatives of the strong half of humanity should not be kept in the awareness of the onset of this disease, not only very unpleasant and significantly reduces the quality of life, but also potentially fatal in the absence of appropriate therapy (from gangreen cystitis, such as Peter I).However, preventive measures are simple - you need to monitor personal hygiene, the level of immunity, avoid hypothermia, regularly go to the toilet, avoid stagnation of urine, cure infectious diseases in time that can create foci of infection - sinusitis, pulp and tonsillitis regularly.